- older age, with advanced cardiovascular disease
- heart failure
- embolic risks: A Fib, prosthetic valves
- thrombotic risks: portal hypertension, hypercoagulable states (or fam. Hx thereof)
- Angiography
- phased-CT (maybe)
- At-risk patient with sudden onset severe abdominal pain disproportionate to physical findings
- Nausea / Vomiting is common
- Forceful defecation: uncommon, but highly specific
See posting Abdominal Pain – 3.